Space & Astronomy/Space and Astronomy (October 1993).iso/mac/TEXT_ZIP/spacedig/V13_5/V13_596.ZIP/V13_596

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Subject: SPACE Digest V13 #596

SPACE Digest                                     Volume 13 : Issue 596

Today's Topics:
           Re: Orbital Elements for Galileo
         Existing investments and technology
          Re: SPACE station or NOTHING!!!!!
        Re: Tethers (was Re: Laser launchers)
          Dimensions of Shuttle bay wanted.
          Magellan: heartbeat loss response
               Re: Saturn V and the ALS
          Re: space news from March 18 AW&ST
          Re: SPACE STATION FREEDOM WOUNDED
             Toward 2001 - 20 May

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Date: 18 May 91 07:29:26 GMT
From: ogicse!sequent!muncher.sequent.com![e-mail]
Subject: Re: Orbital Elements for Galileo

In article <[e-mail]6> [e-mail] (Somers_PW) writes:

>   Would someone be able to provide the orbital elements for
>Galileo.

For which part of the flight?  There are four sets of orbital
elements for each segment of the EVEEJ, plus two slightly different
sets after the atmospheric probe separation, plus the dozen or more
orbital element changes that will occur when Galileo starts playing
flyby with the Galilean moons.  There are also several in-flight
rocket burns which slightly adjust the elements.

Orbital mechanics ain't so simple since computers and JPL came along. :-)



--
Nick Szabo                [e-mail]
"If you understand something the first time you see it, you probably
knew it already.  The more bewildered you are, the more successful
the mission was." -- Ed Stone, Voyager space explorer

------------------------------

Date: 18 May 91 20:03:37 GMT
From: haven.umd.edu!socrates.umd.edu!socrates![e-mail]  (Raul Rockwell)
Subject: Existing investments and technology

Charles Frank Radley:
   >A personal disaster for me I might add, and thousands of skilled
   >aerospace workers who will become hamburger flippers.

Fraering Philip:
   Personally I hope you find a good paying job somewhere. So far, to
   everyone out here it looks like we've paid billions already just
   for paper.

Speaking of taking advantage of what we've already done...

I haven't seen any postings on proposals to use existing missile
launch vehicles as a springboard.  I've seen articles at work (one of
the major military contractors, either Northrup or Lockheed, has
proposed scrapping a number of their long range missiles and using
them as launch vehicles.  Some of the people involved in the light
launch vehicle business would rather this didn't happen because of
economic stresses).

Would any of the people in the know like to illuminate some of the
details of this topic?

Raul Rockwell

------------------------------

Date: 17 May 91 21:08:18 GMT
From: van-bc!rsoft!mindlink![e-mail]  (Nick Janow)
Subject: Re: SPACE station or NOTHING!!!!!

[e-mail] () writes:

> I feel that if the space station gets cut then NASA will never see that money
> again.  Space Science will NEVER see that money again.

That's not necessarily true.  If the hundreds of billions of dollars were
wasted on what seemed like a space station version of the space shuttle (too
expensive and not meeting its objective), the money wouldn't be available for
any good, cost-effective projects and no one would ever trust NASA again.  By
cancelling the present project, the possibility of money for a more
cost-effective project is still open for the future.

> For people who did not want the station because it did not suit their
> particlar project:  Ow you have NOTHING!

Without the money-sucking space station project, there's more money available
for other projects, which were hurting from the tight budget.  IMO, a series of
unmanned probes like Gallileo provides a greater return than a badly mismanaged
space station project.

> You can't always get what you want..... so lets have nothing instead.....
> what a mature solution!

IMO, cancelling a flawed (mismanaged) project _is_ a more mature solution than
accepting it because it's "glamorous".  A bad project is a bad project.

> Would you rather have the station or NOTHING.

I'd rather see some small but well-planned, well-managed unmanned projects
rather than see an orbiting embarrassment.

------------------------------

Date: 19 May 91 21:44:09 GMT
From: cis.ohio-state.edu!zaphod.mps.ohio-state.edu!swrinde!cs.utexas.edu!news-server.csri.toronto.edu!helios.physics.utoronto.ca!aurora.physics.utoronto.ca![e-mail]  (Christopher Neufeld)
Subject: Re: Tethers (was Re: Laser launchers)

In article <[e-mail]> [e-mail] (Christopher Neufeld) writes:
>   Make it a 2000 km tether and the area taper drops to about 1500 for
>HP-PE, with peak acceleration of about 5 gravities. 4000 km tethers
>bring the area taper down to about 600, accn about 2 gravities. Note
>that in these figures the 500 m/s velocity of the surface of the Earth
>is included.
>
   I should point out that I was using the same conditions as Walter's
original calculations here, since I didn't want to confuse the
comparison. When you include the tidal forces and the curvature of the
orbit of the tether around the Earth you get, for the 4000km tether,
about an area taper of 1600. The curvature of the orbit helps, but the
tidal forces hinder.
   The explicit expression for the area taper is:

Amid / Atip = exp { (rho/Y) * [ w^2 L^2/8 - W^2 r_orb * L/2 + G M_earth *
                    (1/(r_orb-L/2) - 1/r_orb)]}

where rho/Y is the volumetric density divided by the breaking strain of
the cable material, in s^2/m^2, w is the angular velocity of the
rotation of the tether, W is the angular velocity of the revolution of
the tether about the Earth, L is the total length of the tether, and
r_orb is the nominal distance from the centre of the Earth to the middle
of the tether.
   rho/Y has roughly these values:
Nylon: 1.1e-6
Carbon: 6.0e-7
Aramide: 5.3e-7
HP-PE: 3.1e-7


--
 Christopher Neufeld....Just a graduate student  | There no place like $FC58
 [e-mail]    Ad astra! | They're $FF69-ing my
 cneufeld@{pnet91,pro-cco}.cts.com               | every word! Send for a
 "Don't edit reality for the sake of simplicity" | free $A56E.

------------------------------

Date: 19 May 91 02:53:30 GMT
From: van-bc!rsoft!mindlink![e-mail]  (Ralph Busch)
Subject: Dimensions of Shuttle bay wanted.

Hi!

I'm in need for the dimensions of the space shuttle bay.  Actually, if anyone
has figures on the size of "canisters" that the Space Station Freedom was going
to be made of, that would be really handy!

Also, if you have the figures for the soviet shuttle, that'd be nice, but not
necessary.

Please e-mail responses, thanks!
--
Ralph Busch -- live from lotus land!
Coordinates: 49N19' 122W48'  (That's in Canada, BTW!)
[e-mail]  or  [e-mail]

------------------------------

Date: 18 May 91 18:31:30 GMT
From: agate!bionet!uwm.edu!cs.utexas.edu!swrinde!zaphod.mps.ohio-state.edu!ub!ubvmsc.cc.buffalo.edu![e-mail]  (Mark A Wieczorek)
Subject: Magellan: heartbeat loss response


    Has anyone been reading the magellan status reports? I keep coming
across this term --- Heartbeat loss response --- and have no idea
of what it is except that is has to be reset once in a while, especially
during emergencies. Anyone have any ideas?

Mark Wieczorek

------------------------------

Date: 19 May 91 00:17:23 GMT
From: agate!lightning.Berkeley.EDU![e-mail]  (Frank Crary)
Subject: Re: Saturn V and the ALS

In article <[e-mail]> [e-mail] (Allen W. Sherzer) writes:
>I thought Soyuz was just a tad bit too heavy for Atlas. Thanks for the
>correction; that will save another $100M per launch.
>
It is too heavy for an Atlas. I should have said an Atlas II, which CAN
launch it. This doesn't effect the launch cost much, however.

                  Frank Crary
                  UC Berkeley

------------------------------

Date: 18 May 91 23:11:58 GMT
From: mintaka!olivea!samsung!uakari.primate.wisc.edu!dali.cs.montana.edu!milton![e-mail]  (William Lewis)
Subject: Re: space news from March 18 AW&ST

In article <[e-mail]> [e-mail] (Henry Spencer) writes:
>Stafford group will strongly back restarting nuclear-rocket programs for
>use in Mars exploration.  Both nuclear-thermal and nuclear-electric systems
>are of interest, but nuclear-thermal looks most promising for openers:  it
>offers a high enough exhaust velocity to make fast trajectories possible,
                                               ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
>greatly reducing worries about radiation and free-fall effects, and it has
>enough thrust to make far more abort modes available in case of trouble.

   What does a "fast trajectory" mean? Faster than a Hohmann orbit?
Or faster than some other orbit I'm not familiar with? How much time
would this hypothetical trajectory take, and how picky is it about
planetary alignments? Inquiring minds want to know ...


--
 [e-mail]       Seattle, Washington
     (William Lewis)   |  47 41' 15" N   122 42' 58" W
 "Just remember, wherever you go ... you're stuck there."

------------------------------

Date: 18 May 91 23:19:51 GMT
From: agate!bionet!uwm.edu!zaphod.mps.ohio-state.edu!usc!jarthur!nntp-server.caltech.edu!dullea.ipac.caltech.edu![e-mail]  (Karl Stapelfeldt)
Subject: Re: SPACE STATION FREEDOM WOUNDED

In article <[e-mail]> [e-mail] writes:

>(many other points deleted)
>
>But you are perfectly correct that having to use the "manned"
>euphimism is a symptom of something terribly wrong.  With the
>latest Congressional action saving SIRTF and AXAF, ...
>                             ^^^
>

     Saved from what ?  The President's budget included funds for
both of these projects, as well as EOS, CRAF, increases for NSF, and
the space station.  Congress decided on its own to cut the allocation
for the independent agencies;  thus the subcommittee "saved" the science
projects from itself.

     Did any science programs get more money in the House subcommittee
than they would have in the President's budget ?  I think all the increases
to NSF that Traxler speaks of are just what the President was asking for
anyway, and do not represent a dividend from the attempt to cancel the
space station.

                        Karl Stapelfeldt
                        [e-mail]

------------------------------

Date: 18 May 91 19:48:28 GMT
From: cis.ohio-state.edu!zaphod.mps.ohio-state.edu!unix.cis.pitt.edu!pitt!nss![e-mail]  (Bev Freed)
Subject: Toward 2001 - 20 May


                            ***********
                            TOWARD 2001
                            ***********
                       Week of 20 May 1991
                 A Weekly Feature of SPACE CALENDAR
                   + = Domestic (USA) Earth event
                   * = Domestic (USA) space event
                   o = International Earth event
                   # = International space event
--------------------------------------------------------------------
                        REPRINT INFORMATION
This information is reproduced by permission of the Space Age
Publishing Company.  All rights reserved.  Copyright May 20,
1991.  Reproduction in any form without written permission violates
federal statute with penalty of up to $50,000.  SPACE CALENDAR is
edited and published on the Big `Space' Island of Hawaii.
====================================================================
                           * * * * * * *
+ OV-105 Endeavour
NASA Kennedy Space Center FL

A full year of work, including installation of the three Space
Shuttle Main Engines and overall systems integration, is waiting for
Endeavour following its arrival at KSC on 7 May.
                           * * * * * * *
+ Orbital Communications Corp
Fairfax VA

The OSC subsidiary signed its first agreement relating to Orbcomm
services, the company's proposed small satellite mobile messaging
system, with Telecommunicaciones de Caracas of Venezuela.
                           * * * * * * *
o Soviet Space Budgets
Moscow USSR

Spending for the coming five years (1991-95) is tentatively set at
about 15 billion rubles, compared with 31.6 billion rubles for the
previous 5-year period. A senior Soviet official said the 1991-95
figure would be boosted by 30-40 percent when military space
programs are added in.
                           * * * * * * *
+ Spaceport Florida Authority
Cocoa Beach FL

First launch from the Cape San Blas suborbital facility in the
state's panhandle must await an "interagency review" of the
authority's environmental assessment. Spokesman Edward Ellegood told
Space Calendar the process "typically takes 90 days."
                           * * * * * * *
+ USA / China Technology Transfer
Washington DC

The Bush administration will not block shipment of two Hughes
satellites to China for launch aboard Chang Zheng rockets. The
satellites will become part of Australia's Aussat system.
                           * * * * * * *
o Aussat on the Block
Canberra, Australia

A representative of the Australian federal government says "first
and final" bids for Aussat are expected by October 1991. Australia's
secretary of Transportation and Communications, Graham Evans, said
there were "enough serious bidders to make a serious sale."
                           * * * * * * *
+ SDI / Star Wars Funding Cut
Washington DC

The Congressional Armed Services Subcommittee slashed $1.7 billion
from the Bush administration's budget request. Supporters claim it's
still early in the budget game.
                           * * * * * * *
o Royal Astronomical Society
London, England

Discovery of a "BL Lacerta object" in a non-elliptical galaxy will
throw current theories about the phenomenon into doubt, the Society
said recently. The anomalous object was found by six astronomers
using the 4.2 m Herschel Telescope in the Canary Islands.
                           * * * * * * *
o Japan Satellite Market
Tokyo

By the year 2004, Japan's market for radio and television, corporate
communications, and long-distance telephone services via satellite
will be worth about 2 trillion yen (US$14.4 billion). In 1994
Satellite Japan Corp will join Japan Communications Satellite Corp
and Satellite Communications Corp in the marketplace.
                           * * * * * * *
+ Lunar Footnote (Statistic)

6,731 Days since Moon last visited by humans.
                           * * * * * * *
o International Space Year 1992 (Quotation)

     "The most important policy objective of the ISY . . . is
 to instill a new Space Age frame of reference in the thoughts and
              actions of governments and individuals."
                 -- The late U S Senator Spark M Matsunaga, Hawaii
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------------------------------

End of SPACE Digest V13 #596
*******************